•••••(2)Hospital management styleEmployment and Management Patterns of Japanese Physicians and HospitalsSummary of the comparison between Canada and Japan Summary Hospitals in Japan are both public and private.Public Hospitals (National/Public Hospitals): Operatedby the national or local government and funded bypublic funds. Most are university hospitals and generalhospitals.Private hospitals: These hospitals account for about80% of all hospitals in Japan. They are operated bymedical corporations or social welfare corporations, arefinanced by the public insurance system, and receivemedical fees.University Hospitals: Function as institutions formedical education. They research and provide state-of-the-art medical technology.Both systems have their advantages and challenges, and future changes in healthcare policy require attention. The employment status of physicians in Japan is mainly divided into two categories: working physicians (salaried) and general practitioners (self-employed).Most are private practitionersMostly efficient (government funded)Mostly private hospitals (about 80%)Paid from the state insurance systemPublicly funded and operated, role as a research institutionHalf working physicians and half general practitionersPaid from the national insurance systemProvide medical education, research and advanced medical carePhysicians: employed by a hospital and receivea monthly salary. They work in public hospitals,university hospitals, and private hospitals.General practitioners: Doctors who open theirclinics and receive medical fees from the nationalhealth insurance system. The percentage of generalpractitioners is high in Japan, with about 40% of allphysicians running their private practices. Canadian physicians often work as private practitioners and have a high proportion of public hospitals. Japan, on the other hand, has a good balance of working and general practitioners, and a high proportion of private hospitals. CanadaJapanItemEmployment status of physiciansHospital OperationsMedical ReimbursementUniversity Hospitals(1)Employment status of physicians15
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