••••4 Activities to solve the problem Romania's Healthcare System and Problems Furthermore, one of Romania's significant challenges is the regional healthcare disparity as I discussed before. Currently, there are about 540 hospitals in Romania, of which about 480 are concentrated in urban areas and only about 50 in rural areas. This is a significant disparity considering that approximately 87% of Romania's land area is rural, and 45% of the total population lives there. This shows how weak the healthcare infrastructure is in rural areas. In many places, transportation infrastructure is also poorly developed, so there are many cases where people cannot access appropriate medical facilities in an emergency. Self-employed and older people in rural areas are neither obliged nor allowed to undergo medical examinations, and many have not had medical checkups in years. As a result, a higher percentage of people in rural areas die from preventable diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, than in urban areas. In many cases, people visit hospitals only after the disease has progressed, and it often happens for rural people that the disease is detected when it is already too late. The triple challenges; lack of preventive care, uneven distribution of regional medical care, and inadequate social security make the medical problems in rural areas of Romania even more serious. These activities have been active in recent years. Healthcare is a microcosm of the entire social security system. That is why, I hope that international cooperation with the EU and collaboration between NGOs and the government will improve the healthcare situation in the future although there are various issues such as financial problems, outflow of human resources outside of the country, and delays in local infrastructure. Romania's healthcare system, like Japan's, is based on a social insurance system. In other words, everyone can receive a certain level of medical services by joining the public insurance system. However, there are significant differences in how the system is managed, the flow of funds, and the system for providing medical services. In Japan, social security systems such as medical care, pension, long-term care, employment, and workers' compensation are classified into detailed categories. The government supports the sustainability of these systems through tax subsidies and premiums paid by citizens. In particular, the national and employee health insurance systems cover all citizens and guarantee access to basic medical care regardless of age or occupation. This ensures equal access to medical services irrespective of urban or rural areas, and a certain level of health care is provided to society. In Romania, on the other hand, although a social insurance framework exists, its primary funding source depends on the premiums workers’ pay, and financial support from the government is limited. In other words, formally employed people join the social insurance system and support health care costs. Informal employees, the self-employed, rural residents, and older people are often left out of the system. As a result, the coverage of health care services is limited, especially in areas such as preventive care and management of chronic diseases. To overcome this situation, the Romanian government has introduced.A scholarship and incentive system to encourageyoung doctors to practice medicine in rural areasStrengthening the family doctor systemIntroducing medical caravans that travel to ruralareas to examine patients•Medical support by NGO groupsBuilding new hospitals based on funds from the EUConstruction of a new hospital funded by the EU
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