32 .I n s t i t u t i o n a l A p p r o a c h e s t o H e a l t hEducationThe Japanese System and Its ChallengesC a s e S t u d y : C u r r i c u l u m G u i d e l i n e s a n d Limitations T h e h i g h s c h o o l c u r r i c u l u m Germany’s Comprehensive Model of Health Education I n G e r m a n y , b o t h t h e f e d e r a l a n d s t a t e IntroductionHealthcare Policies Japan Japan Japan operates a universal healthcare system in which every Germany I n G e r m a n y , s t a t u t o r y h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e ( G e s e t z l i c h e I ' m Y a m a d a , a n d I a m c u r r e n t l y s t u d y i n g S u s t a i n a b l e B u s i n e s s a n d T e c h n o l o g y i n G e r m a n y . O n e o f t h e m o s t s t r i k i n g a s p e c t s o f l i f e i n G e r m a n y i s t h e h i g h d e g r e e o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r i e n t a t i o n t h a t p e r m e a t e s s o c i e t y. I b e l i e ve t h i si n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m s i g n i f i c a n t l y c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h ed e v e l o p m e n t o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l f r a m e w o r k s s u c ha s e d u c a t i o n a n d h e a l t h c a r e . I n t h i s p a p e r, I a mt o e x a m i n e h e a l t h c a r e s y s t e m s f r o m a g l o b a lp e r s p e c t i ve , w i t h a p a r t i c u l a r f o c u s o nt h e i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o s i t i o n i n g o f p r e v e n t i veh e a l t h c a r e a n d h e a l t h e d u c a t i o n . B y c o m p a r i n gJ a p a n a n d G e r m a n y, t w o c o u n t r i e s w i t h d i f f e r e n th e a l t h c a r e s y s t e m s a n d s o c i a l s t r u c t u r e s , I w i l l e x p l o r e t h e i m p a c t o n y o u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n s a n di d e n t i f y k e y s y s t e m i c c h a l l e n g e s .citizen is enrolled in a form of public medical insurance. Preventive healthcare is promoted through the “Specific Health Checkups and Specific Health Guidance” program, which was introduced in 2008. This program targets individuals aged 40 to 74, offering risk assessments for lifestyle-related diseases and corresponding health guidance provided by insurance organizations. However, individuals in their 20s and 30s are not covered by this system. As a result, the availability of medical checkups depends on the policies of universities or workplaces. This creates disparities in access to preventive healthcare among younger generations. In particular, non-regular employees, freelancers, and students are often left without adequate support under the current framework.Krankenversicherung, GKV) provides preventive services as part of its legally mandated benefits. All insured persons are eligible for preventive checkups and cancer screenings. Examples include youth medical checkups (J1 and J2) starting at the age of six, and the “Check-up 35” program for individuals aged thirty-five and above.In addition, the GKV supports the cost of programs that “ H e a l t h i n s c h o o l s . A c c o r d i n g t o promote smoking cessation, physical activity, and nutritional improvement. These initiatives contribute to creating a system in which preventive actions are structurally supported, even for younger populations.I n J a p a n , h e a l t h e d u c a t i o n i s p r i m a r i l yp r o v i d e d t h r o u g h a n d P h y s i c a l E d u c a t t h e i o n ” s u b j e c t t h e M i n i s t r y f E d u c a t i o n , C u l t u r e , S p o r t s , S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y ( 2 0 2 2 ) , s t u d e n t s l e a r n a b o u t t o p i c s s u c h a s s e x u a l l yt r a n s m i t t e d i n f e c t i o n s , n u t r i t i o n , e x e r c i s e ,a n d l i f e s t y l e d i s e a s e s . H o w e v e r , o t h e ri m p o r t a n t t h e m e s , s u c h a s L G B T Q a w a r e n e s s ,m e n t a l h e a l t h , s o c i a l m e d i a a d d i c t i o n , a n ds u b s t a n c e a b u s e , a r e o f t e n u n e v e n l ya d d r e s s e d d u e t o d i f f e r e n c e s i n r e g i o n a le d u c a t i o n p o l i c i e s a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e a c h e rd i s c r e t i o n .i n f o r m a t i o n o n i n f e c t i o n s a n d c a n c e r s c r e e n i n g s . H o w e v e r , e d u c a t i o n o n s e x u a l c o n s e n t a nd t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f s e x u a l d i v e r s i t y r e m a i n s i n s u f f i c i e n t . T o p i c s s u c h a s m e n t a l h e a l t h a n d s t r e ssm a n a g e m e n t a r e a l s o m i n i m a l l y c o v e r e d , a n d t h e r e i s a l a c k o f s t r u c t u r e d , c o m p r e h e n s i v e i n s t r u c t i o n . F u r t h e r m o r e , a f t e r g r a d u a t i n g f r o m s c h o o l , o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o c o n t i n u e l e a r n i n g a b o u t h e a l t ha r e s c a r c e . A s a r e s u l t , t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o fl i f e l o n g h e a l t h l i t e r a c y r e m a i n s d i f f i c u l t u n d e rt h e c u r r e n t s y s t e m .e d u c a t i o n m i n i s t r i e s a c t i v e l y i n t e g r a t e h e a l t h e d u c a t i o n ( G e s u n d h e i t s e r z i e h u n g ) i n t o t h e s c h o o l c u r r i c u l u m . S t a r t i n g a r o u n d t h e a g e o f i n c l u d esKoharu Yamada1.National Healthcare Systems and PreventiveUniversity of Trier, GermanyA Comparative Study of Preventive Healthcare and Health Education Systems: Policies and Challenges
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