••3Whitman College, U.S.A.with mental disabilities, ensuring they could be freed from inhumane environments and receive appropriate care and dignity. This movement is the cornerstone of today's mental health concepts.Vocational Guidance Movement: Also in 1908,Frank Parsons established the Vocation Bureau. Hescientifically analyzed the aptitudes and interestsof young people to help them make optimal careerchoices and provided employment support. This isconsidered the direct origin of career counseling.to solve their problems. The term "counseling," as used by Rogers, along with his client-centered therapy approach, gained widespread acceptance. As a result, the term "counseling" came to describe the broad range of professional activities aimed at supporting people with various issues, as it is known today. The professionals who conduct these activities became known as "counselors."mental illnesses such as depression. Although the word "counseling" originates from the term "to give advice," the essence of modern psychological counseling is not to provide unilateral answers. Rather, the counselor's role is to support the client from a professional standpoint as they find their own path to recovery and organize complex thoughts and emotions.Kyoka TonoshiThe History of CounselingThe Dawn of Modern Counseling (Late 19th to Early 20th Century)The Establishment of Modern CounselingWhat is Counseling? Let's explore how counseling has evolved by examining its history in two parts: "modern" and "contemporary." The origins of counseling can be traced back to the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. During this era, societal values shifted dramatically from a focus on religion to one on science. This led to active efforts to scientifically understand the mechanisms of the human mind and spirit, and scientific approaches were applied to treating mental illness. Within this context, three major movements emerged almost simultaneously, forming the foundation of modern counseling.Psychological Testing Movement: In 1905, Frenchpsychologist Alfred Binet developed the world's first intelligence test. This opened the door to objectively measuring individual intellectual abilities and applying this knowledge in fields like education.• Mental Hygiene Movement: In 1908, Clifford Beers,a former psychiatric patient, founded the NationalCommittee for Mental Hygiene based on his ownexperiences in deplorable hospital conditions. Headvocated for the improved treatment of individuals These movements, which began as separate streams, eventually evolved into a comprehensive approach to address a wide range of human problems and concerns. A particularly influential figure in this process was psychologist Carl Rogers. He emphasized an approach where the expert does not unilaterally provide guidance or advice; instead, the focus is on empowering clients to confront their issues and discover their own inner strength Counseling is a process that supports individuals in exploring their own minds, organizing their thoughts, and gaining new insights through dialogue with a counselor who possesses specialized knowledge and skills. Its activities are conducted in a wide range of settings, including not only hospitals and welfare facilities but also schools (school counseling) and companies (employee assistance programs). It plays a multifaceted role in mental healthcare, covering stress management, emotional regulation, relationship issues, and recovery from The rate of alcohol consumption between Japan and Romania and its health issues
元のページ ../index.html#4